A recent intensive survey within the sprawling Kaziranga National Park and Tiger Reserve in Assam has yielded a remarkable botanical discovery, with researchers documenting an impressive 70 distinct species of orchids. This revelation underscores the park’s exceptional biodiversity, extending beyond its famed megafauna to encompass a rich tapestry of floral life.
Dr. Sonali Ghosh, the Field Director of Kaziranga National Park & Tiger Reserve, announced the findings, highlighting the significance of this systematic documentation effort. The survey meticulously identified 46 epiphytic orchid species, those that grow on other plants, and 24 terrestrial varieties, rooted in the soil. Notable among the documented species are the fragrant Aerides odorata, the uniquely patterned Biermannia bimaculata, and the ornate Bulbophyllum ornatissimum.
The visual survey, spearheaded by renowned orchid conservationist Khyanjeet Gogoi and dedicated range officers, unearthed several new records, particularly within the park’s diverse grassland and woodland ecosystems. The comprehensive list of recorded orchids includes species such as Acanthophippium sylhetense, Cleisostoma appendiculatum, Dendrobium jenkinsii, Eulophia kamarupa, Peristylus constrictus, Phalaenopsis mannii, and Zeuxine membranacea, representing a significant addition to the park’s known flora.
Dr. Ghosh elaborated on the habitat preferences of these fascinating plants, noting that terrestrial orchids like Eulophia dabia, Zeuxine lindleyana, and Nervilia Juliana flourish in the moist grasslands along the riverbanks. In contrast, species such as Acanthephippium striatum and Hetaeria affinis thrive in the shaded undergrowth of the dense forest floor. Adding to the ecological significance of the discovery, several of the identified orchids hold special conservation status. Biermannia bimaculata, Eulophia kamarupa, and Zeuxine lindleyana are endemic to India, while Bulbophyllum ornatissimum, Erythrodes blumei, Eulophia kamarupa, and Zeuxine membranacea are considered rare within the state of Assam.
Prior to this significant botanical survey, the Kaziranga authorities organized a unique conservation outreach program aimed at engaging local students with the region’s rich biodiversity. An “Orchid and Butterfly Walk” held in Panbari on April 18th and 19th, 2025, welcomed over 50 students from local schools and colleges, providing them with an immersive experience in nature. During this event, informative brochures showcasing the birds of Panbari, the butterflies of Kaziranga, and now, the orchids of Kaziranga were released to enhance awareness and appreciation for the region’s natural heritage. Guided safaris allowed students to observe orchids and butterflies in their natural habitat, complemented by expert talks from Khyanjeet Gogoi and Dr. Monsoon Jyoti Gogoi.
The remarkable orchid discovery has resonated beyond the park’s boundaries. Assam Forest Minister, taking to social media platform X, lauded the findings, stating that the sheer diversity of orchids now documented positions Kaziranga as one of the richest orchid collections in Northeast India. The minister’s post emphasized that this vibrant floral revelation adds another layer to Kaziranga’s already iconic wildlife and stands as a testament to the park’s thriving biodiversity and dedicated conservation efforts.